Orson Welles

Photo of Orson Welles

Biography

An undeniable pioneer in both radio and film, actor-director Orson Welles used his bona fide genius to change the face of both mediums with imagination, ambition and technically daring. Having started off as a performer on stage, most notably with John Houseman, with whom he formed the famed Mercury Theatre, Welles used his distinctive baritone voice to create innovative radio dramas. He became famous - notorious, even - following his 1938 …
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Job Title

Actor, Director, Producer, Writer, Camera, Film & Tape, Music, Art Department, Wardrobe, Hair & Makeup, Other

Born

May 6, 1915

Career Milestones

Born with anomalies of the spine which caused Welles pain throughout his life

First stage appearance, a walk-on bit in the Chicago Opera's production of "Samson and Delilah" at age five; then played "Madame Butterfly"'s child "Trouble"

Moved back to Europe

Moved to Chicago as a child

Parents separated when Welles was six; traveled after divorce

Regularly seen in TV commercials for Paul Masson wines in 1980s

Rejected by draft board (due to asthma and flat feet); during remaining war years had various radio shows and worked as a journalist, often praising his friend, President Roosevelt

Returned to USA for starring role on Broadway in own production of "King Lear"; hired first as actor, then director, of Charlton Heston screen vehicle "Touch of Evil"

Returned to USA in 1970s

Self-imposed exile in Europe; had trouble with back taxes

Signed by RKO; given carte blanche; originally planned several other films, including an adaptation of "Heart of Darkness," before settling on the less ambitious "Citizen Kane"

1927

Became ward of Chicago doctor, Maurice Bernstein, at age 12 (date approximate)

1931

Began tour of Ireland

1931

First leading stage role at Dublin's Gate Theater in "Jew Suss"

1932

Returned to USA

1934

Broadway acting debut (as Tybalt) in "Romeo and Juliet"

1934

Co-directed and acted in short film, "The Hearts of Age"

1934

Radio acting debut

1936

First major stage success as director, "Macbeth" (for Federal Theater Project, Harlem); featured an all-black cast which later went to Broadway and toured the country; often referred to as the "voodoo Macbeth" due to the Haitian setting and African-influenced witchcraft theme

1937

During one Broadway season, helmed four major successes for the Mercury Theatre, beginning with a modern-dress "Julius Caesar"; generally hailed as one of the great stage talents of the day

1937

Formed Mercury Theater with John Houseman

1938

First short film as solo director, "Too Much Johnson" (also co-producer; writer); was to be incorporated into play of same name which never made it to Broadway; sole extant print allegedly lost in fire in 1970

1938

Made national headlines with CBS radio broadcast (for "Mercury Theatre of the Air") of H.G. Wells' "The War of the Worlds" (the night of October 30)

1940

Was voice-over narrator of RKO's "Swiss Family Robinson"

1941

Feature film directing, producing, acting and co-writing (with Herman Mankiewicz) debut, "Citizen Kane"

1942

Just before completion of shooting of second film, "The Magnificent Ambersons," was sent by RKO (through a Nelson Rockefeller-run government office) as cultural ambassador to South America to keep positive relations with USA; shot footage for omnibus film "It's All True"; due to wartime flying restrictions unable to directly supervise editing of "Ambersons" from Brazil; film subsequently taken out of his hands and edited by Robert Wise with new footage added; after new ownership at RKO, Welles' contract ended

1943

With romantic leading role as Rochester in "Jane Eyre" began acting in films directed by others

1946

Directed and starred in (for producer Sam Spiegel/Sam S Eagle) only commercially successful directorial effort, "The Stranger"

1953

TV acting debut in Peter Brook's "King Lear"

1954

Hosted BBC series, "The Orson Welles Sketchbook" (date approximate)

1955

Wrote and starred in the stage play "Moby Dick--Rehearsed"; performed in London

1993

Reconstruction of substantial parts of "It's All True" publicly premiered at New York Film Festival

1998

Restored version of "Touch of Evil" using Welles' 17-page memo as guideline premiered

Awards

1941

Academy Award for Actor in Citizen Kane

1941

Academy Award for Directing in Citizen Kane

1941

Academy Award for Writing (Original Screenplay) in Citizen Kane

1952

Cannes Film Festival for Grand Prix in Othello

1959

Cannes Film Festival for Best Actor in Compulsion

1966

Cannes Film Festival for C.S.T. Prize Ex-aequo in Chimes at Midnight

1967

BAFTA Award for Foreign Actor in Chimes at Midnight

1978

Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Career Achievement Award

1981

Golden Globe Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in a Motion Picture in Butterfly

1984

Directors Guild of America Award for DGA Lifetime Achievement

1984

Venice International Film Festival for Special Jury Prize in Les Favoris de la Lune

1992

Boston Society of Film Critics Award for Best Discovery or Rediscovery in Othello

1993

Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Documentary/Non-Fiction Film in It's All True: Based On An Unfinished Film By Orson Welles

1998

National Society of Film Critics Award for Special citation in Touch of Evil